Contents

"From batch to flow and back, we go..." 
             J.R.

• 1. Introduction, Principles, and Microfluidics
  • From batch to flow analysis
  • From continuous to programmable flow
  • From laminar to turbulent flow
  • Flow Injection fluidics
  • Optimizing FI at continuous flow
  • Optimizing FI at programmable flow
  • Flow programming for batch and equilibrium method
  • Conclusion
• 2. Continuous Flow Injection
  • 2.1. Flow Injection
  • 2.1.1. Principle and single line system
  • 2.1.2. Multi-line manifolds and confluence mixing
  • 2.1.3. Reagent based assays in continuous flow format
  • 2.1.4. Performance of Continuous FI Based Assays
  • 2.1.5. Stopped flow reaction rate based method
  • 2.1.6. Slow down and accelerated flow
  • 2.1.7. Separation methods performed at continuous flow
  • 2.1.8. Components and Instruments
  • 2.1.9. Conslusion
• 3. Programmable Flow Injection
  • 3.1. Sequential Injection
  • 3.1.1. Single reagent assay
  • 3.1.2. Two reagents assay and Conclusion
  • 3.1.3. Batch - SI format and lab-in-syringe
  • 3.1.4. Conclusion
  • 3.2. Programmable Flow injection
  • 3.2.1. Concept and Instrument
  • 3.2.2. Stop in Holding Coil protocol
  • 3.2.3. Stop in Flow Cell protocol
  • 3.2.4. From Flow to Batch and from Kinetic to Equilibrium Based Method
  • 3.2.4.1. The Concept and Method
  • 3.2.4.2. Calibration obtained with DI water standards applied to analysis of sea water samples
  • 3.2.4.3. Batch Method as a Research tool
  • 3.2.4.4. Reaction rate assays in pFI batch format: Catalytic determination of manganese by malachite green spectrophotometry
  • 3.2.5. Autocalibration by Single Standard Solution
  • 3.2.5.1. Principle and Flow Programming SSSC
  • 3.2.5.2. Autocalibration
  • 3.2.5.3. Limit of Detection Determined by Autocalibration
  • 3.2.5.4. Elimination of Matrix Effect by Autocalibration
  • 3.2.5.5. Optimization of Assay by Automated Reagent Dilution
  • 3.2.5.6. Selectivity of the simplified method for silicate in sea water
  • 3.2.6. Instruments and Components
  • 3.2.7. Multipurpose Instrument integrates Spectrophotometry with Fluorescence and Flow Injection to
  • 3.2.7.1. Introduction
  • 3.2.7.2. Fluorescence based aluminum assay
  • 3.2.7.3. Spectrophotometry based silica assay
  • 3.2.7.4. Conclusion
  • 3.2.7.5. Appendix: Instrumentation and Acknowledgment
  • 3.2.8. Hybrid Flow Cell for Fluorescence and Absorbance
  • 3.2.8.1. Introduction
  • 3.2.8.2. Calibration for fluorescence
  • 3.2.8.3. Calibration for absorbance
  • 3.3. Bead Injection and Flow Programming
  • 3.4. Conclusion
• 4. Programmable flow in column chromatography
  • 4.1. Concept and principles
  • 4.2. Limitations of manifold design due to column properties
• Guest Contributions
  • Design and Construction of Long Light Path (LLP) Flowcell - Madeline Davis
  • Hybrid rotor-stator selection valve for efficient SPE in SIA and pFI - Tim Trinklein